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Its gold rush started well before it was given borders and colonially branded the Gold Coast. But record world bullion prices are luring a fresh wave of fortune-seekers -- this time from China.

An increasing number of small mines are owned by Ghanaians on paper but controlled illegally by Chinese entrepreneurs, according to miners, concession-owners and security forces interviewed by Reuters during a trip to Ghana's mines belt.

Last year, Dikoto's village chief was brought before the Minerals Commission and warned about hosting illegal Chinese miners. In separate police moves, some 25 Chinese nationals have been arrested this year for illegal mining.

"Once the gold price starts growing, that's the motivation," said Daniel Owusu-Koranteng of WACAM, a local advocacy group for mining communities and the environment.

"People will do anything to extract the gold on the blind side of the law in very marginalized areas," he said.

Remote rural communities have yet to benefit from economic growth in Ghana which, thanks to oil finds, is seen hitting 13 percent in 2011.

Over 100,000 Ghanaians engage in small-scale extraction, known locally as "galamsey," short for "gather and sell," many without permits. Their work comprises almost 20 percent of gold output, making Ghana the second largest exporter in Africa.

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